Outdoor artificial light at night exposure and gestational diabetes mellitus: a case-control study.

Objective: This study aims to explore the association between outdoor artificial light at night (ALAN) exposure and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Methods: This study is a retrospective case-control study. According with quantiles, ALAN has been classified into three categories (Q1-Q3). GDM was diagnosed through oral glucose tolerance tests. Conditional logistic regression models were used to evaluate the association between ALAN exposure and GDM risk. The odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) was used to assess the association. Restricted cubic spline analysis (RCS) was utilized to investigate the no liner association between ALAN and GDM. Results: A total of 5,720 participants were included, comprising 1,430 individuals with GDM and 4,290 matched controls. Pregnant women exposed to higher levels of ALAN during the first trimester exhibited an elevated risk of GDM compared to those with lower exposure levels (Q2 OR = 1.39, 95% CI 1.20-1.63, p < 0.001); (Q3 OR = 1.70, 95% CI 1.44-2.00, p < 0.001). Similarly, elevated ALAN exposure during the second trimester also conferred an increased risk of GDM (second trimester: Q2 OR = 1.70, 95% CI 1.45-1.98, p < 0.001; Q3 OR = 2.08, 95% CI 1.77-2.44, p < 0.001). RCS showed a nonlinear association between ALAN exposure and GDM risk in second trimester pregnancy, with a threshold value of 4.235. Conclusion: Outdoor ALAN exposure during pregnancy is associated with an increased risk of GDM.

Synthesis of a Triangle-Fused Six-Pointed Star and Its Electrocatalytic CO2 Reduction Activity.

As electrocatalysts, molecular catalysts with large aromatic systems (such as terpyridine, porphyrin, or phthalocyanine) have been widely applied in the CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR). However, these monomeric catalysts tend to aggregate due to strong π-π interactions, resulting in limited accessibility of the active site. In light of these challenges, we present a novel strategy of active site isolation for enhancing the CO2RR. Six Ru(Tpy)2 were integrated into the skeleton of a metallo-organic supramolecule by stepwise self-assembly in order to form a rhombus-fused six-pointed star R1 with active site isolation. The turnover frequency (TOF) of R1 was as high as 10.73 s-1 at -0.6 V versus reversible hydrogen electrode (vs RHE), which is the best reported value so far at the same potential to our knowledge. Furthermore, by increasing the connector density on R1's skeleton, a more stable triangle-fused six-pointed star T1 was successfully synthesized. T1 exhibits exceptional stability up to 126 h at -0.4 V vs RHE and excellent TOF values of CO. The strategy of active site isolation and connector density increment significantly enhanced the catalytic activity by increasing the exposure of the active site. This work provides a starting point for the design of molecular catalysts and facilitates the development of a new generation of catalysts with a high catalytic performance.

Segmented Template-Directed Self-Assembly of Giant Truncated Triangular Supramolecules.

The template-directed strategy has been extensively employed for the construction of supramolecular architectures. However, with the increase in the size and complexity of these structures, the synthesis difficulty of the templates escalates exponentially, thereby impeding the widespread application of this strategy. In this study, two truncated triangles T1 and T2 were successfully self-assembled through a novel segmented template strategy by segmenting the core triangular template into portions. Two metallo-organic ligands L2 and L3 were designed and synthesized by dividing the central stable triangle into three separate parts and incorporating them into the precursor ligands, which served as templates to guide the self-assembly process with ligands L1 and L4, respectively. The assembled structures were unambiguously characterized by multidimensional and multinuclear NMR (1H, COSY, NOESY), multidimensional mass spectrometry analysis (ESI-MS and TWIM-MS), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Moreover, we observed the formation of fiberlike nanotubes from single-molecule triangles by hierarchical self-assembly.

Mediating role of depressive symptoms in the association between adverse childhood experiences and asthma.

BACKGROUND: Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are associated with asthma, but the role of depressive symptoms (DS) in this is poorly studied. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to investigate the mediating effect of DS on ACEs and asthma. PARTICIPANTS AND SETTING: This study was a retrospective cohort study of participants from the China Longitudinal Study of Health and Retirement from 2011 to 2018. A total of 12,277 participants including 5942 males and 6335 females were involved in the study. METHODS: DS were assessed using the 10-item short form of the Center for Epidemiological Research Depression Scale. Logistic regression adjusted for confounders was used to explore the relationship between ACEs with asthma. Mediating effect analysis was used to assess the role of DS in the relationship between ACEs and asthma. RESULTS: The results of logistic regression showed that there were an association between ACEs and asthma. Mediating effect analysis revealed that among the 15 ACEs examined, DS had partial mediating effects on the association between asthma and 5 specific ACEs (feeling alone, peer bullied, self-reported health status, health limitation, and death of parents), and fully mediated the relationship between asthma and another 5 ACEs (death of siblings, childhood neighborhood safety, childhood neighborhood quality, physical abuse, and parents' mental health) (all p < .05). CONCLUSION: ACEs are significantly associated with an increased risk of asthma, and DS play a mediating role in the relationship between ACEs and asthma.

Kawasaki disease in neonates: a case report and literature review.

BACKGROUND: Kawasaki disease (KD) is an acute systemic vasculitis of unknown etiology that affects infants and young children but is extremely rare in neonates, especially afebrile KD. We present a case of KD without fever in a neonate and review the literature on KD in neonates. CASE PRESENTATION: A newborn female was hospitalized because her peripheral blood leukocytes increased for half a day. The admission diagnosis was considered neonatal sepsis and bacterial meningitis. She had no fever since the admission, but a rash appeared on her face by the 7th day. On day 11 after admission, there was a desquamation on the distal extremities. On day 15 after admission, ultrasound showed non-suppurative cervical lymphadenopathy. Echocardiogram revealed coronary artery aneurysms in both sides. Finally, the patient was diagnosed with incomplete KD (IKD). The follow-up echocardiogram showed that the internal diameter of both coronary arteries returned to normal three months after birth. CONCLUSIONS: Fever, rash, and distal extremity desquamation during the recovery phase are the most common symptoms of IKD. When newborns present with clinical manifestations such as rash, distal extremity desquamation and cervical lymph adenitis and with an increased peripheral blood leukocyte count and progressive increase in platelets simultaneously, the medical staff should be highly alert to the possibility of KD even without fever. The echocardiogram needs to be performed promptly. The incidence of coronary artery lesions is significantly higher if neonatal KD patients miss timely diagnosis and treatment.

Strain-Induced Heteromorphosis Multi-Cavity Cages: Tension-Driven Self-Expansion Strategy for Controllable Enhancement of Complexity in Supramolecular Assembly.

Coordinative supramolecular cages with adjustable cavities have found extensive applications in various fields, but the cavity modification strategies for multi-functional structures are still challenging. Here, we present a tension-driven self-expansion strategy for construction of multi-cavity cages with high structural complexity. Under the regulation of strain-induced capping ligands, unprecedented heteromorphosis triple-cavity cages S2 /S4 were obtained based on a metallo-organic ligand (MOL) scaffold. The heteromorphosis cages exhibited significant higher cavity diversity than the homomorphous double-cavity cages S1 /S3 ; all of the cages were thoroughly characterized through various analytical techniques including (1D and 2D) NMR, ESI-MS, TWIM-MS, AFM, and SAXS analyses. Furthermore, the encapsulation of porphyrin in the cavities of these multi-cavity cages were investigated. This research opens up new possibilities for the architecture of heteromorphosis supramolecular cages via precisely controlled "scaffold-capping" assembly with preorganized ligands, which could have potential applications in the development of multifunctional structures with higher complexity.

Adjusting the Architecture of Heptagonal Metallo-Macrocycles by Embedding Metal Nodes into the Backbone.

Coordination-driven self-assembly has been extensively employed for the bottom-up construction of discrete metallo-macrocycles. However, the prevalent use of benzene rings as the backbone limits the formation of large metallo-macrocycles with more than six edges. Herein, by embedding metal nodes into the ligand backbone, we successfully regulated the ligand arm angle and assembled two giant heptagonal metallo-macrocycles with precise control. The angle between two arms at position 4 of the central terpyridine (tpy) extended after complexation with metal ions, leading to ring expansion of the metallo-macrocycle. The assembled structures were straightforwardly identified through multi-dimensional NMR spectroscopy (1 H, COSY, NOESY), multidimensional mass spectrometry analysis (ESI-MS and TWIM-MS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), as well as scanning tunneling microscopy (STM). In addition, the catalytic performances of metallo-macrocycles in the oxidation of thioanisole were studied, with both supramolecules exhibiting good conversion rates. Furthermore, fiber-like nanostructures were observed from single-molecule heptagons by hierarchical self-assembly.

Association of residential land cover and wheezing among children and adolescents: A cross-sectional study in five provinces of China.

The association between residential land cover (RLC) and wheezing remains poorly understood. This study aimed to investigate the association between RLC and wheezing in childhood and adolescence. A cross-sectional survey was conducted among children and adolescents in five provinces of China. Land cover data were obtained from the Cross-Resolution Land-Cover mapping framework based on noisy label learning, classifying land cover into five categories: cropland, forest, grass/shrubland, wetland, and impervious. Generalized linear mixed models were employed to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the risk of wheezing. Mediation analysis was employed to investigate whether ambient particulate matter (PM2.5) acts as a mediator in the association between RLC and wheezing. A total of 12,875 participants were included in the study, comprising 318 patients and 12,557 controls. Cropland500m was significantly associated with decreased odds of wheezing (OR: 0.929, 95% CI: 0.879-0.982), while impervious surfaces500m significantly was associated with increased odds of wheezing (OR: 1.056, 95% CI: 1.019-1.096) in all participants. In the stratified analysis, significant differences were found in the main outcomes between the adolescence group (age ≥10 years) and the childhood group (age <10 years) (Pinteraction < 0.05), while no significant differences were observed between the southern and northern regions, or between male and female respondents. Mediation analysis revealed that PM2.5 partially mediated the association between cropland500m and impervious surfaces500m with wheezing. RLC plays a significant role in wheezing during childhood and adolescence, with cropland offering protection and impervious surfaces posing a heightened risk.

A Lightweight and Efficient Method of Structural Damage Detection Using Stochastic Configuration Network.

With the advancement of neural networks, more and more neural networks are being applied to structural health monitoring systems (SHMSs). When an SHMS requires the integration of numerous neural networks, high-performance and low-latency networks are favored. This paper focuses on damage detection based on vibration signals. In contrast to traditional neural network approaches, this study utilizes a stochastic configuration network (SCN). An SCN is an incrementally learning network that randomly configures appropriate neurons based on data and errors. It is an emerging neural network that does not require predefined network structures and is not based on gradient descent. While SCNs dynamically define the network structure, they essentially function as fully connected neural networks that fail to capture the temporal properties of monitoring data effectively. Moreover, they suffer from inference time and computational cost issues. To enable faster and more accurate operation within the monitoring system, this paper introduces a stochastic convolutional feature extraction approach that does not rely on backpropagation. Additionally, a random node deletion algorithm is proposed to automatically prune redundant neurons in SCNs, addressing the issue of network node redundancy. Experimental results demonstrate that the feature extraction method improves accuracy by 30% compared to the original SCN, and the random node deletion algorithm removes approximately 10% of neurons.

A Study on the Effect of Energy on the Development of Silkworm Embryos Using an Estrogen-Related Receptor.

Energy metabolism is a fundamental process in all organisms. During silkworm (Bombyx mori) embryonic development, there is a high demand for energy due to continuous cell proliferation and differentiation. Estrogen-related receptors (ERRs) are transcriptional regulatory factors that play crucial roles in mammalian energy storage and expenditure. Although most insects have one ERR gene, it also participates in the regulation of energy metabolism, including carbohydrate metabolism in Drosophila, Aphid, and Silkworm. However, no study has reported the direct impact of energy metabolism on embryonic development in silkworms. In this study, we used transgenic technology to increase silkworm (B. mori; Bm) BmERR expression during embryonic development and explored the impact of energy on embryonic development. We found no significant change in the quality of silkworm eggs compared to that of wild-type silkworms. However, there was an increase in the consumption of vitellin, a major nutrient in embryos. This resulted in a decrease in glucose content and a significant increase in ATP content. These findings provide evidence that the acceleration of energy metabolism promotes embryonic development and enhances the motility of hatched silkworms. In addition, these results provide a novel perspective on the relationship between energy metabolism and embryonic development in other insects.

Ecdysteroid UDP-Glucosyltransferase Expression in Beauveria bassiana Increases Its Pathogenicity against Early Instar Silkworm Larvae.

Beauveria bassiana (B. bassiana) is a broad-spectrum entomopathogenic fungus that can control pests in agriculture and forestry. In this study, encoding ecdysteroid uridine diphosphate glucosyltransferase gene (egt) was successfully screened in B. bassiana on the medium containing 500µg/mL G418 sulfate solution through the protoplast transformation method. This enzyme has the function of 20E (20-hydroxyecdysone) inactivation, thus increasing the mortality of the early instar larvae infected with B. bassiana. In this study, we transformed B. bassiana with the egt gene, which deactivates 20-hydroxyecdysone, a key hormone in insect development. The results showed that transgenic B. bassiana killed more silkworms of the 2nd instar larvae than the wild-type with a shorter LT50 time, which was reduced by approximately 20% (day 1 of the 2nd instar silkworm infection of B. bassiana) and 26.4% (day 2 of the 2nd instar silkworm infection of B. bassiana) compared to the wild-type, and also showed a higher mortality number before molting. The transgenic B. bassiana had a higher coverage of the body surface of silkworms compared to the wild type on the 3rd instar. In summary, improving entomopathogenic fungi using biological methods such as genetic engineering is feasible.

Simulation analysis of the three-party evolutionary game of green building market players under carbon trading policy.

Previous studies mainly focus on the game analysis of green building development under carbon tax policy, while carbon trading, as one of the important means to promote low-carbon development, is rarely mentioned in promoting the development of the green building market. Based on this, to study the impact of carbon trading policy on the development of the green building market, this study combines prospect theory for carbon trading to build a three-way evolutionary game model of developer-government-consumer. It studies the influencing causes of green building market development under the carbon trading mechanism from the whole perspective. The study shows the existence of a carbon trading policy helps the development of the green building market. In the presence of a carbon trading market, the government's punishment, subsidies, and the setting of carbon prices influence the development of the green building market. In addition, the percentage of carbon emissions bought, the potential benefits, and the selling price also affect the chance of consumers buying green buildings to a greater or lesser extent. This study introduces prospect theory into the developer-government-consumer three-way evolutionary game model, which enriches the research perspective of each subject's behavior in the green building market. It provides theoretical support for developers, governments, and consumers to collaborate to promote the coordination and development of the green building market. It has policy implications for promoting the green and high-quality development of the construction industry.

WKGM: weighted k-space generative model for parallel imaging reconstruction.

Deep learning based parallel imaging (PI) has made great progress in recent years to accelerate MRI. Nevertheless, it still has some limitations: for example, the robustness and flexibility of existing methods are greatly deficient. In this work, we propose a method to explore the k-space domain learning via robust generative modeling for flexible calibrationless PI reconstruction, coined the weighted k-space generative model (WKGM). Specifically, WKGM is a generalized k-space domain model, where the k-space weighting technology and high-dimensional space augmentation design are efficiently incorporated for score-based generative model training, resulting in good and robust reconstructions. In addition, WKGM is flexible and thus can be synergistically combined with various traditional k-space PI models, which can make full use of the correlation between multi-coil data and realize calibrationless PI. Even though our model was trained on only 500 images, experimental results with varying sampling patterns and acceleration factors demonstrate that WKGM can attain state-of-the-art reconstruction results with the well learned k-space generative prior.

Association of hypothyroidism during pregnancy with preconception and early pregnancy exposure to ambient particulate matter.

BACKGROUND: Limited research has been conducted on the association between preconception exposure to ambient particulate matter (PM) and hypothyroidism. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between preconception PM exposure and hypothyroidism. METHODS: A retrospective case-control study at China-Japan Friendship Hospital was performed. Fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and inhalable particulate matter (PM10) were obtained from the China High Air Pollution Dataset. Buffer analysis methods were used to calculate the exposure of pregnant women to PM in a circular area of 250, 500, and 750 m in diameter at preconception and in early pregnancy. Logistic regression models were used to assess the relationship between PM and hypothyroidism. Odd ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were used to evaluate the effect of PM on the risk of hypothyroidism. RESULTS: A total of 3,180 participants were studied, and they comprised 795 hypothyroid patients and 2,385 matched controls. The mean age was 31.01 years (standard deviation: 3.66) in the control group and 31.16 years (standard deviation: 3.71) in the case group. Logistic regression analysis showed that exposure to PM2.5 and PM10 in the 60-day period before the last menstrual period month (LMPM), 30-day period before the LMPM, and LMP, across all distance buffers, was associated with an increased risk of hypothyroidism (all P < 0.05). The most pronounced effect was observed during the LMPM, with PM2.5 (OR: 1.137, 95% CI: 1.096-1.180) and PM10 (OR: 1.098, 95% CI: 1.067-1.130) in the 250-m buffer. Subgroup analysis in the Changping District yielded consistent results with the main analysis. CONCLUSION: Our study shows that preconception PM2.5 and PM10 exposure increases the risk of hypothyroidism during pregnancy.

A Modified Single-Armed Suture Technique for Traumatic Cyclodialysis Cleft with Vitreoretinal Injury.

Our aim was to assess the therapeutic efficacy of a modified single-arm suture technique on traumatic cyclodialysis cleft with vitreoretinal injury. The procedure involved fixing a detached ciliary body using a single-armed 10-0 polypropylene suture under the assistance of a 29-gauge needle. Patients with a traumatic cyclodialysis cleft combined with an anterior and posterior segment injury who underwent modified internal cyclopexy together with vitreoretinal surgery were enrolled in this study. Ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM) was used to diagnose and evaluate the cyclodialysis and anterior segment injury. B-scan ultrasonography was performed to assess the condition of the vitreous, retina and choroid. The surgical time and successful rate for repairing the cyclodialysis cleft were recorded. Preoperative and postoperative best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), and intraocular pressure (IOP) were documented for assessment. The study included 20 eyes. The extent of the cyclodialysis cleft was from 30° to 360°. Besides a traumatic cyclodialysis cleft, the included cases also combined this with vitreous hemorrhages, retinal detachment, macular holes, choroid avulsion, and suprachoroidal hemorrhage. All the clefts were anatomically closed in one surgery. The average surgical time for fixing the cyclodialysis cleft was 2.68 ± 0.54 min/30° cleft. A significant improvement in LogMAR BCVA was observed from 2.94 ± 0.93 preoperatively to 1.81 ± 1.11 at the 6-month follow-up. IOP was elevated from 10.90 ± 6.18 mmHg preoperatively to 14.45 ± 2.35 mmHg at the 6-month follow-up. The modified single-armed suture technique was proved to be an effective method to fix the traumatic cyclodialysis cleft, which could facilitate the use of the procedure to repair chorioretinal disorders. It improved the BCVA and maintained the IOP with less postoperative complications.

Multi-functionalized Metallo-Supramolecular Spoked Wheels: Their Emission-Tunable Hierarchically Assembled System with Dye Molecules.

Supramolecular architectures with multiple emissive units are especially appealing due to their desired properties, such as artificial light harvesting and white-light emission. But fully achieving multi-wavelength photoluminescence in a single supramolecular architecture remains a challenge. In this paper, functionalized supramolecular architectures containing twelve metal centers and six pyrene moieties were nearly quantitatively synthesized by multi-component self-assembly and fully characterized by 1D and 2D nuclear magnetic resonance, dynamic light scattering, electrospray ionization mass spectrometry, traveling-wave ion mobility mass spectrometry, and transmission electron microscopy. Moreover, the hierarchical nano-assemblies were prepared by introducing anionic dyes to the positively charged self-assembled framework, which contained three luminescence centers, namely, pyrene, tpy-Cd coordination parts, and Sulforhodamine B anions. Such a hierarchically assembled system displayed tunable emission by taking full advantage of aggregation-induced emission enhancement, aggregation-caused quenching, and fluorescence resonance energy transfer effects and showed the diverse emission colors. This research provides a new insight for constructing multiple emissive metallo-supramolecular assemblies.

Bi-directional geometric constraints in the construction of giant dual-rim nanorings.

In the field of metallo-supramolecular assemblies, supramolecular macrocycles have attracted considerable attention due to their guest recognition and catalytic properties. Herein, we report a novel strategy for the construction of giant hollow macrocyclic structures using a bi-directional geometric constraint strategy. We investigated the structural design of two terpyridine-based tetratopic organic ligands, whose inner and outer rims have different angles. Compared to conventional strategies of self-assembly using single angular orientation building blocks that typically generate small macrocyclic objects or polymers, the mutual interaction between the different angles of the ligands could promote the formation of giant hollow macrocyclic supramolecular architectures. The self-assembly mechanism and hierarchical self-assembly of giant supramolecular macrocycles have been characterized by NMR, ESI-MS and TEM experiments. The strategy used in this study not only advances the design of giant 2D macrocycles with large inner diameters but also gives insights into the mechanism of formation of large structures.

Crystalline Metallo-Organic Cage by Triphenylene-Cored Hexaterpyridine for Fast Iodine Capture.

In recent years, radioactive iodine capture has played an important role in nuclear waste treatment. However, most of the adsorbents possess low economic efficiency and undesirable reutilization in practical application. In this work, a terpyridine-based porous metallo-organic cage was assembled for iodine adsorption. Through synchrotron X-ray analysis, the metallo-cage was found to have a porous hierarchical packing mode with inherent cavity and packing channel. By taking advantage of polycyclic aromatic units and charged ⟨tpy-Zn2+-tpy⟩ (tpy = terpyridine) coordination sites in the structure, this nanocage exhibits an excellent ability to capture iodine in both the gas phase and aqueous medium, and the crystal state of the nanocage shows an ultrafast kinetic process of capturing I2 in aqueous solution within 5 min. The calculated maximum sorption capacities for I2 based on the Langmuir isotherm models are 1731 and 1487 mg g-1 for amorphous and crystalline nanocages, which is noticeably higher than most of the reported iodine sorbent materials in the aqueous phase. This work not only provides a rare example of iodine adsorption by a terpyridyl-based porous cage but also expands the applications of terpyridine coordination systems into iodine capture.

Heteroleptic/Heterometallic Sierpinski Triangle with Room Temperature Fluorescence Emission and Photocatalytic Amine Oxidation Activity.

As a result of their optical and redox properties, bipyridyl (bpy) and terpyridyl (tpy) ruthenium complexes play vital roles in numerous domains. Herein, the design and synthesis of two bipyridyl and terpyridyl ruthenium(II) building units L1 and L2 are explained. A [Ru(bpy)3]2+ functionalized triangle S1 and a Sierpinski triangle S2 were synthesized in almost quantitative yields by the self-assembly of L1 with Zn2+ ions and by the heteroleptic self-assembly of L1 and L2 with Zn2+ ions, respectively. The Sierpinski triangle S2 contains the coordination metals [Ru(bpy)3]2+, [Ru(tpy)2]2+, and [Zn(tpy)2]2+. According to research on the catalytic activity of amine oxidation on supramolecules S1 and S2, the benzylamine substrates were nearly entirely transformed to N-benzylidenebenzylamine derivatives after 1 h under a Xe lamp. Furthermore, the observed ruthenium-containing terpyridyl supramolecule S2 maintains high luminous performance at ambient temperature. This discovery opens up new possibilities for the rational molecular design of terpyridyl ruthenium fluorescent materials and catalytic functional materials.